Effect of home dental care on uncleaned teeth in dogs
Inspired by the article by Brenda L. Mulherin, DVM, DAVDC, Iowa State University
- Effect of home dental care on uncleaned teeth in dogs
- In the specialist literature
- Introduction
- 🪥 1. Toothbrush and dog toothpaste
- 🦴 2. Dental care chews
- 💧 3. Additives for drinking water
- 🗓️ 4. Combinations of multiple products
- A study on dental care in dogs
- The findings
- Frequently asked questions about dental care for dogs
- Summary of dental care for dogs
- Sources & recommended literature
In the specialist literature
Gawor J, Jank M, Harvey CE, Nicolas CS.
Effectiveness of home dental care protocols in uncleaned dogs.
J Vet Dent. 2024:8987564241292769. doi:10.1177/08987564241292769
Introduction
More than 80% of the dogs already show signs of periodontal disease at the age of 3 years.
The periodontal ligament (periodontium) includes:
- the gums (gingiva),
- the dental cement,
- the desmodont (periodontal ligament),
- and the alveolar bone.
Inflammation, degradation, or loss of any of these structures constitutes periodontal disease.
A complete assessment of these structures above and below the gum line requires an oral examination with diagnostic imaging under anesthesia.
However, pet owners often have concerns about anesthesia, and such procedures can also be expensive.
🪥 1. Toothbrush and dog toothpaste
Description:
Mechanical cleaning with a special dog toothbrush and dog toothpaste is considered the gold standard of at-home dental care. This involves removing plaque through direct brushing.
Advantages:
- Direct removal of plaque and food residue
- It also reaches hard-to-access places.
- Especially effective in combination with enzymatic toothpaste
Important:
Please only use special toothpaste for dogs! Human toothpaste often contains fluoride or xylitol, which can be toxic to dogs.
Recommendation:
Daily cleaning, or at least several times a week, is recommended for optimal results.
🦴 2. Dental care chews
Description:
These are specially developed chewing products that mechanically remove dental plaque through chewing movements while simultaneously promoting the chewing muscles.
Advantages:
- Promotes natural tooth cleaning
- Popular with dogs – they see it as a reward!
- Reduces plaque and tartar buildup
- It also helps against bad breath
Important:
Look for certified products (e.g., VOHC seal) that have been proven to contribute to dental health.
Recommendation:
Daily use is ideal.
💧 3. Additives for drinking water
Description:
These liquid products are simply added to the dog's drinking water. They contain active ingredients that reduce plaque buildup and improve oral health.
Advantages:
- Easy to use, as no cleaning routine is required.
- Can be a useful addition, especially for dogs that do not accept mechanical cleaning.
- Helps to alter the biofilm in the mouth and reduce bad breath.
Important:
Pay attention to quality here as well. Some products contain active ingredients such as chlorhexidine or enzymes.
Recommendation:
Daily use to support dental health.
🗓️ 4. Combinations of multiple products
Description:
In practice, a combination of several dental care measures is often most effective. For example: regular brushing plus chew toys and water additives.
Advantages:
- Enhanced effect due to various mechanisms of action
- Increased flexibility in grooming (especially for picky dogs)
- All-round protection for your teeth
Recommendation:
Adapt the measures to suit the dog type and its acceptance of each individual measure!
A study on dental care in dogs
The study examined six different oral hygiene protocols in comparison to a control group without dental care.
Study details:
- 125 privately owned dogs
- No prior dental work under anesthesia
- Good general health, diverse breeds, age groups and genders
Assessment times:
- Day 0
- Week 8
- Week 16
The following were examined in particular:
- Right and left upper third incisors
- Canines
- Third and fourth premolars
Study process:
- For the first 8 weeks: No home dental care
- Then: Random assignment to the following groups:
- No oral hygiene (control group)
- Brush your teeth every other day with a toothbrush and toothpaste.
- Daily dental care chew
- Daily addition to drinking water
- Weekly tooth brushing and daily chew toys
- Weekly tooth brushing and daily drinking water additive
- Daily chew treat and daily drinking water additive
Results after 16 weeks:
- In all groups: Significant reduction of dental plaque.
- Particularly good results in:
- Daily cleaning
- Daily chew sticks
- Weekly cleaning + daily water addition
- Weekly cleaning + daily chew sticks
Periodontal health improved in all treatment groups between weeks 8 and 16, but:
- Only in the group with weekly cleaning and daily water addition
- And in the group with daily chew toy and daily water supplementation
The improvement was significant.
| Treatment group | Reduction of dental plaque (after 16 weeks) | Improvement of periodontal health |
|---|---|---|
| No oral hygiene (control group) | No significant reduction | No improvement |
| Brush your teeth every other day with a toothbrush and toothpaste. | Significant reduction | Improvement, but not significant |
| Daily dental care chew | Significant reduction | Improvement, but not significant |
| Daily addition to drinking water | Significant reduction | Improvement, but not significant |
| Weekly teeth brushing + daily chew toy | Significant reduction | Improvement, but not significant |
| Weekly tooth brushing + daily drinking water additive | Significant reduction | Significant improvement |
| Daily chew treat + daily drinking water additive | Significant reduction | Significant improvement |
The findings
Key points for practical application:
- In cases of severe periodontal disease (e.g., severe attachment loss, loosening of teeth), professional dental cleaning, examination and treatment under anesthesia are essential.
- Combining home dental care protocols such as daily brushing, chewing sticks, or water additives can help improve periodontal health and reduce plaque.
- Water additives are less effective in dogs with severe plaque and tartar buildup.
- Even though professional teeth cleaning under anesthesia is optimal, home dental care can still have a positive impact on oral health.
- Such dental care is less crucial for cats, as they develop plaque less quickly than dogs.
Frequently asked questions about dental care for dogs
Why is dental care so important for dogs?
Your dog's dental health isn't just a matter of aesthetics or fresh breath – it's a crucial component of their overall health. Dogs tend to develop plaque and tartar very early in life. Studies show that over 80% of dogs already show signs of periodontal disease by the age of three.
If plaque is not removed regularly, it hardens into tartar. This leads to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), and if left untreated, can develop into periodontitis. In periodontitis, not only the gums but also the underlying structures such as the periodontal ligament and the jawbone are damaged.
The consequences extend far beyond the oral cavity: bacteria from inflamed gums can enter organs such as the heart, liver and kidneys via the bloodstream and cause serious illnesses there.
Therefore: Good dental care not only protects against tooth loss and pain, but also contributes to your dog's overall health and quality of life!
At what age should I start caring for my dog's teeth?
The best answer is: As early as possible.
It's best to start when your dog is still a puppy, as soon as it has its milk teeth and can get used to regular care. Even though the milk teeth will fall out later, it's ideal if your dog learns early on that dental care is a pleasant and normal routine.
Getting your child used to the toothbrush and handling it in their mouth early on builds trust and prevents stress later in life. Furthermore, the amount of care required in adulthood will be less, as regular cleaning from the start will keep the teeth clean.
Important to know: Even if you only start dental care as an adult, it's never too late! The benefits are present at any age. However, the later you start, the more likely it is that plaque or tartar has already formed. In this case, a professional dental cleaning by a veterinarian is often advisable before starting at-home care.
What's the best way to get my dog used to having its teeth brushed?
Patience and positive reinforcement are key to success here. Many dogs first need to learn that the toothbrush is not an enemy, but a friend for their health.
Here is a tried and tested timetable:
Slowly approaching:
First, get your dog used to you touching its mouth. Stroke its lips and teeth without immediately starting with the brush.
Create a positive association:
Use treats or praise to make the touch feel pleasant.
Introduction of the toothbrush or finger brush:
Let your dog sniff and taste the brush and the special dog toothpaste. Most toothpastes have a flavor that dogs find appealing, such as chicken or beef.
Short training sessions:
Start with just a few seconds, for example only brushing your canines, and gradually increase the time.
Regularity:
Daily or at least several times a week repetitions will help your dog accept the routine.
Important: Never force the process. If your dog resists at first, give them time. Cleaning with chew toys or water additives can also help until they accept the toothbrush.
Are dental chews a real alternative to brushing your teeth?
Dental chews are an excellent supplement, but not a complete replacement for mechanical tooth brushing.
Chewing removes plaque through friction, especially on the larger chewing surfaces of the molars. Chew sticks also stimulate saliva production, which has an additional cleaning effect and positively influences the oral flora.
However, chew toys don't reach all tooth surfaces equally well – especially the hard-to-reach inner surfaces of the teeth often remain untreated. Furthermore, they cannot effectively remove already hardened deposits like tartar.
Chews work best when combined with daily or frequent brushing. You should also pay attention to quality: Choose products that are dentally tested and have recognized seals such as the VOHC seal (Veterinary Oral Health Council).
In short: Chews are a useful aid and especially suitable for dogs that don't (immediately) like having their teeth brushed – but you will achieve the optimal effect with a combination of both.
How can I tell if my dog already has dental problems?
This is a very important question, because dental problems in dogs often go unnoticed for a long time. Dogs rarely show pain in their mouths openly, as they are naturally good at hiding it.
Therefore, pay attention to the following warning signs:
Bad breath (halitosis):
One of the most common signs of dental disease.
Discolored teeth or tartar:
Particularly yellowish or brownish deposits on the tooth surfaces.
Gum inflammation:
Reddened, swollen, or bleeding gums.
Changes in eating habits:
Your dog is eating more slowly, chewing only on one side, or dropping dry food.
Pawing at the mouth / touching the mouth:
Some dogs rub their mouths with their paws unusually often.
Withdrawal or irritability:
Behavior can change, especially in advanced stages of dental disease.
If you notice one or more of these signs, you should not hesitate to consult your veterinarian. Acting early can prevent minor problems from developing into larger – and painful – illnesses.
Summary of dental care for dogs
The Dental care for dogs is a key component of general healthcare. Unfortunately, many pet owners underestimate its importance. Dental care for dogs, although it is crucial in preventing serious illnesses. Without regular [measures] Dental care for dogs Plaque and tartar can quickly accumulate, which can lead to inflammation, pain, and even systemic diseases.
Studies show that consistent training, even at a young age, is beneficial. Dental care for dogs necessary to prevent periodontal disease. The combination of mechanical cleaning through brushing and supportive measures such as special chewing aids or water additives is particularly effective. Dental care for dogs It should therefore start as early as possible, ideally when the animals are still puppies, so that they can get used to the routine.
Once dogs have had positive experiences with the Dental care for dogs Having done this, it can easily be integrated into everyday life. A regular Dental care for dogs It not only improves oral hygiene but also the animal's overall well-being. Furthermore, careful [treatment/care] can... Dental care for dogs Prevent expensive veterinary procedures that are often necessary for untreated dental problems.
Another advantage of the Dental care for dogs The goal is to improve quality of life. A healthy mouth means less pain, better eating habits, and an all-around happy dog. For optimal results, Dental care for dogs Regular check-ups at the veterinarian are also essential to detect any potential problems early on.
Among the most important products for the Dental care for dogs These include special toothbrushes, enzymatic toothpaste, dental chews, and drinking water additives. Choosing the right products for Dental care for dogs Ideally, this should be done in consultation with a veterinarian to take individual needs into account. Some dogs accept daily grooming without any problems, while others need a gentle introduction to it. Dental care for dogs.
Even in older animals, the Dental care for dogs Important. Even if tartar has already formed, it's worth starting with the Dental care for dogs to begin and prevent further deterioration. This is especially important for smaller breed dogs. Dental care for dogs of great importance, as they are more prone to dental problems.
The market today offers numerous tools for Dental care for dogs so that suitable products are available for every type of dog. It is important to note that... Dental care for dogs to consider it a daily routine, similar to brushing the fur or trimming the nails. If you have any questions about Dental care for dogs Veterinarians and specialists are available to provide advice.
Last but not least, regularity contributes Dental care for dogs It also contributes to the bond between animal and owner. The calm grooming moments strengthen trust, and the Dental care for dogs It becomes a ritual that both sides can enjoy. An early established Dental care for dogs The animal accompanies the animal throughout its life and makes an important contribution to responsible animal husbandry.
In summary, it can be said that: Dental care for dogs is essential, versatile, and indispensable for a healthy dog's life. Whether through grooming, chewing, or supplements – every form of Dental care for dogs It's a benefit for your four-legged friend's health!
Information sheet for download
Sources & recommended literature
- Enlund KB, Brunius C, Hanson J, et al. Dog owners' perspectives on canine dental health—a questionnaire study in Sweden. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:298. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00298
- Bellows J, Berg ML, Dennis S, et al. 2019 AAHA dental care guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2019;55(2):49-69. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6933
- Verstraete FJ, Kass PH, Terpak CH. Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1998;59(6):686-691.
- Peak M. Marketing veterinary dentistry: creating value. In: Florida Veterinary Medical Association Convention, 2008.
- Benson J, Tincher EM. Cost of care, access to care, and payment options in veterinary practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2024;54(2):235-250. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.10.007
further information
- AVDC nomenclature. American Veterinary Dental College. Accessed January 23, 2025. https://avdc.org/avdc-nomenclature
- Olsén L, Brissman A, Wiman S, Eriksson F, Kaj C, Brunius Enlund K. Improved oral health and adaptation to treatment in dogs using manual or ultrasonic toothbrush or textile of nylon or microfiber for active dental home care. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(9):2481. doi:10.3390/ani11092481
- Ryu Y, Kim SE, Huh EA, et al. Initial screening for dental abnormalities identified by labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res. 2024;85(9):ajvr.24.03.0085. doi:10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0085
- Svärd J, Brunius Enlund K. Adherence to dental home care in dogs with periodontitis: a post-treatment survey. Acta Vet Scand. 2023;65(1):59. doi:10.1186/s13028-023-00718-6