Breed-specific diseases in the Akita: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Introduction

The Akita, a noble and imposing dog breed from Japan, is known for its loyalty and strong nature. Despite its many positive characteristics, the Akita can also be affected by breed-specific diseases. In this article we will go into detail about the most common diseases that occur in Akitas, their causes, diagnostic options and treatment approaches.

Diseases in the Akita
Diseases in Akita 2

Sebadenitis in the Akita

What is Sebadenitis?

Sebadenitis is an inflammatory disease in which the sebaceous glands are destroyed. These glands are responsible for producing a protective film of oil on the skin. Without this protective film, the skin can dry out and infections can occur.

Symptoms of Sebadenitis:

  • Progressive hair loss
  • Seborrhea (excessive dandruff)
  • Extendable clumps of hair with an unpleasant odor
  • Symptoms often begin on the tail and head

Causes and distribution

The exact cause of sebadenitis is still unclear, but it is suspected that it is an autoimmune disease. This disease occurs more often in certain breeds such as the Viszla, Poodle, Hovawart and especially the Akita.

diagnosis

Diagnosing sebadenitis can be difficult and requires a skin biopsy. Skin samples are taken under local anesthesia and examined under a microscope.

Differential diagnoses that must be excluded:

  • Wrong diet
  • Zinc deficiency
  • Allergies
  • Mite infestation
  • Thyroid diseases
  • fungal infections

Treatment

There is currently no cure for sebadenitis. Therapy focuses on relieving symptoms and caring for the skin.

Treatment methods:

  • Skin care with oils, shampoos and moisturizing lotions
  • Avoiding secondary infections through the use of antibiotics

Hip dysplasia in the Akita

What is hip dysplasia ?

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a malformation of the hip joints that can lead to pain and limited mobility. This disease is hereditary and often occurs in large dog breeds such as the Akita.

Symptoms

  • Difficulty getting up
  • Lameness of the hind legs
  • Aversion to exercise or play
  • Waddling gait

diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by x-rays of the hip joint. These should be evaluated by an experienced veterinarian to determine the severity of the dysplasia.

Treatment

Treatment for hip dysplasia can be conservative or surgical.

Conservative treatment:

  • Weight management
  • physical therapy
  • Pain medication

Surgical options:

  • Femoral head resection
  • Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)
  • Total endoprosthesis (hip joint replacement)

Autoimmune thyroiditis in the Akita

What is Autoimmune Thyroiditis?

Autoimmune thyroiditis is a disease of the thyroid in which the immune system attacks its own thyroid tissue. This leads to an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).

Symptoms

  • Weight gain without increased feed intake
  • lethargy
  • Coat problems such as hair loss and dry skin
  • Sensitivity to cold

Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in the Akita

Diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis

Diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, a common thyroid disease in the Akita, requires a thorough examination by a veterinarian. The disease occurs when the immune system attacks one's own thyroid tissue, resulting in hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Here are the steps to diagnose:

  1. History and clinical examination: The veterinarian will first take a detailed history and ask about symptoms such as weight gain, lethargy, coat problems and sensitivity to cold. A thorough physical examination follows to identify common health problems.
  2. Blood tests: The primary method of diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis is specific blood tests. These include:
    • T4 (Thyroxine): Low T4 levels may indicate hypothyroidism.
    • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): An elevated TSH level combined with a low T4 level usually confirms the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
    • Antibody tests: These tests can detect the presence of antibodies against thyroid tissue, indicating an autoimmune cause.
  3. Additional tests: In some cases, the veterinarian may recommend additional diagnostic procedures, such as an ultrasound scan of the thyroid to detect structural changes.

Treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis

Treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis aims to correct the deficiency of thyroid hormones and relieve symptoms. Since it is a chronic disease, treatment requires lifelong therapy and regular monitoring. Here are the main approaches to treatment:

  1. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy: The main treatment is the administration of synthetic thyroid hormones (levothyroxine). These drugs replace the missing hormone and normalize metabolic function.
    • Dosage: The exact dosage is determined by the veterinarian and must be reviewed and adjusted regularly based on the dog's blood tests and clinical response.
    • Administration: The medication is usually administered orally once daily. It is important to take it consistently and according to the veterinarian's instructions.
  2. Regular blood tests: Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy and ensure the correct dosage. The vet will typically check T4 and TSH levels every 6 to 12 months.
  3. Symptomatic treatment: In addition to hormone therapy, additional measures may be necessary to treat specific symptoms:
    • Dietary changes: A balanced and nutritious diet can improve the dog's overall well-being.
    • Coat Care: Regular brushing and use of moisturizing shampoos can alleviate skin and coat problems.
    • Weight management: Since hypothyroidism often causes weight gain, controlling calorie intake and regular exercise is important.

The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in the Akita requires close collaboration with the veterinarian. With regular check-ups and consistent therapy, most dogs with this disease can lead a normal and healthy life. Akita owners should pay close attention to their dogs' health and seek immediate veterinary advice if thyroid problems are suspected.

Epilepsy in the Akita

What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. These can be caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Symptoms

  • Sudden seizures
  • Uncontrolled muscle twitching
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Unusual behavior before and after seizures

diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by excluding other diseases and can be supported by a neurological examination and imaging tests such as MRI.

Treatment

Epilepsy can be treated with anticonvulsants, which help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

Diagram illustrating treatment methods for epilepsy:

graph TD A[Diagnosis of epilepsy] -->|Exclusion process| B[Neurological examination] B --> C[MRI] C --> D[Drug treatment] D --> E[Anticonvulsants]

Preventive measures for the health of the Akita

We care about the health of an Akita, and preventive measures are key to avoiding or minimizing the impact of breed-specific diseases. Here are some important steps you can take as a responsible Akita owner to promote your dog's health.

Regular vet visits

Regular visits to the vet are essential to monitor your Akita's overall health and catch any potential problems early. We recommend semi-annual checks in which the veterinarian:

  • Assessed general health status
  • Conducts blood tests to check thyroid levels and other important parameters
  • Examines the musculoskeletal system to detect early signs of hip dysplasia
  • Skin and fur inspected in order to diagnose skin diseases such as sebadenitis at an early stage

Adapted diet

A balanced, high-quality diet plays a crucial role in your Akita's health. Make sure that the food:

  • Contains high quality proteins and fats
  • Tailored to your dog’s specific needs (e.g. puppy food, adult food, senior food)
  • It is free from unnecessary fillers and artificial additives

In addition, dietary supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids can support skin and coat health and counteract inflammation.

Adequate exercise

Akitas are active dogs that require plenty of exercise to stay healthy and happy. Ensure regular physical and mental exercise through:

  • Daily walks and runs
  • Interactive games and training sessions
  • Intelligence toys and challenges that challenge your dog's mind

Please note that excessive stress should be avoided in young dogs in order not to impair the development of the joints.

Hygiene and grooming

Good hygiene and regular coat care are essential to prevent skin diseases and ensure the well-being of your Akita. The most important measures include:

  • Regular brushing of the coat to prevent matting and promote skin health
  • Bathe only when necessary with mild, dog-friendly shampoos
  • Regularly check ears, eyes and paws for signs of infection or injury

Early detection and genetic testing

Since many breed-specific diseases in Akitas are genetic, early detection through genetic testing can play an important role. Some measures include:

  • Conducting genetic tests before breeding to identify carriers of hereditary diseases
  • Participation in breeding programs aimed at improving the health of the breed
  • Sharing health information with other Akita owners and breeders

Stress management

Stress can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to illness. Therefore, ensure a stress-free environment by:

  • Adherence to a regular daily routine
  • Providing a safe and peaceful retreat
  • Positive reinforcement and gentle training

Vaccinations and parasite prophylaxis

A comprehensive vaccination schedule and parasite prevention measures are crucial to protecting your Akita from infectious diseases and parasites. This includes:

  • Regular vaccinations against common dog diseases such as distemper, parvovirus and rabies
  • Monthly treatments for fleas, ticks and worms

By implementing these preventative measures, you can significantly contribute to the health and well-being of your Akita. A healthy Akita is a happy Akita, and through your care you can ensure your four-legged friend lives a long and fulfilling life. We recommend speaking regularly with your veterinarian about the best preventative health strategies and staying up to date with the latest veterinary developments.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about illnesses in Akitas

Which breed-specific diseases often occur in Akitas?

The Akita is a hardy and resilient dog breed, but like many purebred dogs, it is susceptible to certain genetic and acquired diseases.
The most common breed-specific diseases in the Akita include: Sebadenitis: An inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands that leads to hair loss and skin problems.
The exact cause is unclear, but it is suspected to be an autoimmune disease. Hip dysplasia (HD): A malformation of the hip joints that leads to pain and limited mobility.
This condition is hereditary and can be diagnosed through x-rays. Autoimmune thyroiditis: A disease of the thyroid in which the immune system attacks its own thyroid tissue, leading to hypothyroidism.
Symptoms include weight gain, lethargy and coat problems. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): A degenerative eye disease that can cause blindness.
This disease is genetic and progressive. Pemphigus foliaceus: A rare but serious autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It leads to blistering and sores on the skin.

How can I tell if my Akita has Sebadenitis?

Sebadenitis is an inflammatory skin disease that is particularly common in Akitas.
The following symptoms can indicate sebadenitis: Progressive hair loss: The hair begins to fall out in clumps, especially on the tail and head.
Seborrhea: Excessive flaking on the skin, often associated with an unpleasant odor.
Extendable hair tufts: Entire tufts of hair can be easily pulled out including the hair roots.
Skin changes: The skin may appear dry and flaky, sometimes red or inflamed.
The diagnosis is made through a skin biopsy, in which small samples of skin are taken under local anesthesia and examined under a microscope. These samples are analyzed in an accredited laboratory to confirm the inflammation and destruction of the sebaceous glands.

What are the signs of hip dysplasia in the Akita and how is it treated?

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common orthopedic disease in Akitas that can lead to painful mobility restrictions.
The typical signs include: Difficulty getting up or sitting down: Affected dogs often show stiffness, especially after periods of rest.
Lameness: Especially in the hind legs, which increases after exercise.
Aversion to exercise: The dog shows less interest in walks or games.
Waddling gait: An unusual gait can indicate hip problems.
Diagnosis is made through x-rays of the hip joint, which reveal the severity of the dysplasia.
Treatment varies depending on the severity: Conservative treatment: This includes weight management, physical therapy, and pain medication to maintain mobility and relieve pain.
Surgical options: In severe cases, operations such as femoral head resection, triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), or total hip arthroplasty (hip joint replacement) may be necessary.

What is autoimmune thyroiditis and how does it affect my Akita?

Autoimmune thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid tissue.
This leads to hypothyroidism, i.e. an underactive thyroid. The disease is not uncommon in Akitas and can manifest itself in the following symptoms: Weight gain: Despite the same or reduced amount of food.
Lethargy: The dog appears tired, sleeps a lot and shows less interest in activities.
Skin and Coat Problems: Dry, flaky skin and hair loss are common signs.
Sensitivity to cold: The dog increasingly seeks out warm places and trembles at low temperatures.
Diagnosis is made through blood tests that measure the concentration of thyroid hormones (T4 and TSH). Treatment consists of lifelong administration of thyroid hormones, which must be adjusted regularly by the veterinarian.

How can epilepsy in Akitas be diagnosed and treated?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The following symptoms may indicate epilepsy: Sudden seizures: These may include uncontrolled muscle twitching, drooling, loss of consciousness, and unusual behavior.
Changed behavior: Before and after the seizures, the dog may appear confused, anxious or aggressive.
Focal seizures: These affect only part of the body, for example twitching of a leg or facial muscles.
Diagnosis is made by excluding other possible causes and can be supported by neurological examinations and imaging tests such as MRI. Treatment for epilepsy aims to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures and improve the dog's quality of life. Anticonvulsants are the main medications used to control seizures. The exact dosage and type of medication are determined individually by the veterinarian and must be checked and adjusted regularly.

By understanding and timely detection of these breed-specific diseases, Akita owners can make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of their dogs. Regular veterinary visits, careful care and close collaboration with professionals are crucial to ensuring the best possible quality of life for your Akita.

Summary: Diseases in the Akita

Illnesses in the Akita are an important issue for every owner of this noble dog breed. The most common diseases in Akitas include sebadenitis, hip dysplasia, autoimmune thyroiditis, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and pemphigus foliaceus. These diseases in Akitas can significantly affect their well-being and quality of life.

Sebadenitis is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands that often leads to hair loss and skin problems. These diseases in the Akita can be caused by autoimmune reactions and require regular skin care and the prevention of secondary infections.

Hip dysplasia is another Akita disease in which the hip joints are malformed, leading to pain and limited mobility. These diseases in the Akita can be diagnosed through x-rays and treated through conservative or surgical methods.

Autoimmune thyroiditis is a thyroid disease in which the immune system attacks your own thyroid tissue. These diseases in the Akita lead to an underactive thyroid, which manifests itself in weight gain, lethargy and coat problems.

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a degenerative eye disease that can cause blindness. These diseases in the Akita are genetic and progressive. Regular eye exams can help detect these diseases early in the Akita.

Pemphigus foliaceus is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. These diseases in the Akita cause blisters and sores on the skin and require specialized treatment.

In order to prevent illnesses in Akitas or to detect them early, regular visits to the vet are essential. Six-monthly checks make it possible to diagnose diseases in Akitas such as sebadenitis or hip dysplasia at an early stage and to take appropriate measures.

A balanced diet also plays an important role in preventing illness in the Akita. High-quality food with sufficient proteins and fats as well as nutritional supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids can help promote health and reduce the risk of disease in the Akita.

Sufficient exercise and mental activity are crucial to preventing illnesses in Akitas. Regular walks, interactive games and intelligence toys contribute to physical and mental health and help minimize the risk of illness in the Akita.

Good hygiene and regular grooming are also important to prevent Akita illnesses. Regular brushing, bathing only when necessary, and checking ears, eyes, and paws can help prevent skin diseases and other illnesses in the Akita.

Genetic tests can help to identify carriers of hereditary diseases in Akitas at an early stage and support targeted breeding programs. These measures help reduce the risk of genetic diseases in Akitas.

Stress management is another important aspect of preventing illness in Akitas. A regular daily routine, a safe place to retreat, and gentle exercise can help reduce stress and strengthen the immune system, reducing the Akita's risk of illness.

By combining these preventative measures, Akita owners can make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of their dogs and minimize the risk of illness in the Akita. Regular consultations with the veterinarian and close collaboration with experts are crucial to detecting diseases in Akitas early and treating them effectively.

Further information: https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/what-does-low-t4-really-mean

https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/canine-facial-dermatoses-challenge

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