Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF) and SPAID: A Comprehensive Guide to Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease

Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF) is a serious, genetic disease that only occurs in Shar Pei dogs. This breed, known for its distinctive wrinkles and special skin structure, suffers more often from auto-inflammatory diseases. One of these diseases is the so-called Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID), which includes familial fever. In this article we would like to address the causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and treatment options in order to provide dog owners with the best possible information.

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What is Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF)?

Familial Shar Pei fever is a form of autoimmune disease in which the immune system overreacts and triggers inflammatory processes in the dog's body. These inflammations lead to periodic bouts of fever that typically last between 24 and 36 hours. The condition is part of the larger Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease complex, which also includes other conditions such as arthritis, amyloidosis and otitis.

Genetic basis of the disease

The genetic mutation that causes familial Shar Pei fever is the result of breeding to promote the breed's distinctive appearance. However, mutations have crept into the MTBP gene that impair the dogs' immune system. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that dogs with the mutated gene variant have an increased risk of developing FSF.

Important: Even if the mutated gene is not detected in a genetic test, a dog can still suffer from Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease. Therefore, regular examinations and early recognition of symptoms are crucial.

Symptoms of Familial Shar Pei Fever

The symptoms of familial Shar Pei fever often appear before the age of 18 months, but can also break out later. The most noticeable symptom is unexplained bouts of fever with temperatures between 39.4°C and 41.7°C. These fever attacks occur at regular intervals and are often accompanied by other symptoms:

  • Swollen joints, especially in the legs
  • Swelling in the mouth area
  • Abdominal pain that may lead to vomiting and diarrhea
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Refusal to move
  • Increased water intake and increased urination

In the long term, chronic inflammation can lead to organ damage, particularly amyloidosis, in which insoluble proteins build up in the organs and impair their function. Kidney failure is one of the most common causes of death in affected dogs, which greatly reduces life expectancy.

The difference and connections between SPAID and FSF: A comprehensive overview

The terms SPAID (Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease) and FSF (Familial Shar Pei Fever) are often used in connection with the health problems of Shar Pei dogs. However, they describe different aspects of a group of autoinflammatory diseases that occur in this breed. In order to better understand the differences and connections, it is important to look at the respective definitions, symptoms and disease processes in detail. In this article we explain comprehensively how SPAID and FSF are connected, but also how they differ.

What is SPAID?

SPAID stands for Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease , an umbrella term that encompasses a range of autoinflammatory diseases in Shar Peis. These diseases are genetic and result from a malfunction of the immune system. In Shar Pei dogs, a genetic mutation causes the immune system to overreact and trigger inflammation in the body. The term SPAID covers several clinical pictures, which in addition to familial Shar Pei fever also include other diseases such as arthritis, amyloidosis and otitis.

Key Features of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease

  • Autoinflammatory diseases : SPAID is not a single disease but a syndrome that describes various inflammatory conditions.
  • Genetic predisposition : The underlying cause of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease is a mutation in the MTBP gene that was promoted during breeding.
  • Broad spectrum of illnesses : SPAID includes various symptoms and disease processes, including fever attacks, chronic inflammation and organ failure.
  • Progression of symptoms : Symptoms of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease can worsen over time and severely impact the dog's quality of life in the long term.

What is Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF)?

Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF) is a specific disease that is considered part of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease. FSF is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent bouts of fever. These fever attacks usually occur spontaneously, usually last 24 to 36 hours and are often accompanied by other symptoms such as joint swelling. Although FSF is often considered a disease in its own right, it is actually a manifestation of the larger SPAID complex.

Main features of FSF

  • Fever attacks : Unexplained, recurring fever attacks are the characteristic symptom of FSF.
  • Accompanying symptoms : In addition to fever, swollen joints and general weakness often occur.
  • Hereditary : Like SPAID, FSF is caused by the same genetic mutation in the MTBP gene.
  • Part of SPAID : FSF is one of the most common manifestations of SPAID and is often considered an “early symptom” of the syndrome.

The connection between SPAID and FSF

The most important connection between Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease and FSF is that FSF is a subcategory of SPAID . While SPAID describes a syndrome that includes a variety of autoinflammatory diseases, FSF is a specific manifestation of this syndrome that is primarily characterized by fever attacks.

The role of FSF in Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease

In many cases, FSF is the first sign of SPAID disease. The fever attacks that occur with FSF are often the precursor to other, more serious symptoms that may occur over time, such as:

  • Amyloidosis : The chronic inflammation that occurs in FSF can lead to long-term deposition of amyloid proteins in the organs, which can result in severe dysfunction of the kidneys or other organs.
  • Arthritis : Inflammation in the joints can develop into chronic arthritis, which limits the dog's mobility.
  • Kidney failure : In advanced cases of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease, amyloidosis can lead to kidney failure, which is often fatal.

So while FSF can occur as an isolated disease, in most cases it is only part of the broader SPAID complex , which can manifest itself in other clinical pictures over time. Therefore, it is important to view FSF not as a disease in its own right, but as the first step in a potentially serious, progressive disease.

Common genetic cause

Both Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease and FSF are caused by the same genetic mutation in the MTBP gene. This mutation causes the immune system of affected dogs to overreact and trigger inflammatory processes that the body cannot regulate properly. Because of this common genetic basis, Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease and FSF are inextricably linked. A dog suffering from FSF most likely carries the same genetic predisposition that is responsible for other symptoms of SPAID.

Differences between SPAID and FSF

Although FSF is part of SPAID, there are some key differences in the way the two conditions present and have developed:

  1. Symptom picture : FSF is specifically characterized by periodic bouts of fever, while SPAID encompasses a much broader range of symptoms, including arthritis, skin disorders and organ damage.
  2. Disease progression : FSF symptoms often appear early in the dog's life and may worsen over time. SPAID, on the other hand, is a progressive syndrome that can develop over several years and severely impact quality of life.
  3. Severity : While FSF is easily treatable in many cases and the dog returns to largely normal functioning after a bout of fever, the long-term consequences of SPAID are often much more serious and can lead to life-threatening conditions such as kidney failure.

Conclusion: An integrated approach to the treatment of SPAID and FSF

Because FSF and SPAID are closely linked , it is crucial to consider both diseases as part of comprehensive health management. Treating FSF, aimed at controlling fever attacks, is only the first step. To prevent the long-term effects of Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease, additional measures must be taken, including:

  • Early diagnosis : Genetic testing and regular blood tests can help detect the disease early and prevent possible complications.
  • Long-term therapy : In addition to acute treatment of fever attacks in FSF, it is important to control the body's long-term inflammatory response to prevent organ damage.
  • Breeding Responsibility : To limit the spread of the genetic mutation that causes Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease and FSF, only healthy dogs without the mutated gene should be used for breeding.

Through a deep understanding of the connections between SPAID and FSF and an integrated therapeutic approach, dog owners can ensure the best possible quality of life for their animals.

Diagnosis of SPAID and Differential Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Guide

Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID) is a complex, genetic disease that occurs in Shar Pei dogs and is characterized by immune system dysfunction. Diagnosis of SPAID is challenging due to the nonspecific and complex symptoms. A crucial step in diagnosis is ruling out other diseases that could cause similar symptoms. This process is differential diagnosis . In this guide, we will outline the steps to diagnose Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease and go into detail about the possible differential diagnosis.

Basic steps to diagnose SPAID

Diagnosis of SPAID requires a comprehensive examination of the dog's health. There is no single test that provides a clear diagnosis, which is why veterinarians combine multiple approaches to confirm the disease.

1. Clinical history

An important first step in making a diagnosis is the anamnesis . The veterinarian will closely examine the medical history of the dog as well as the dog's parents or relatives because SPAID is a genetic disease. Important questions include:

  • When did the first symptoms appear?
  • How often and how long do fever attacks last?
  • Were there any signs of joint pain or swelling?
  • Does the dog have digestive problems, frequent vomiting or diarrhea?
  • Does the dog have an increased water intake or increased urge to urinate?

This information helps provide a clear picture of symptoms and assess the likelihood of SPAID.

2. Physical examination

During the exam, the veterinarian will look for specific signs that could indicate SPAID, including:

  • Swollen joints (especially around the ankles or hocks)
  • Swelling in the mouth area, especially the lips and neck
  • Signs of pain or unwillingness to move
  • Fever with no apparent cause

The physical examination provides initial information as to whether the dog is suffering from inflammatory processes that are typical of SPAID.

3. Blood and urine tests

Laboratory tests play an important role in diagnosing SPAID. They help evaluate inflammatory markers and internal organ function.

  • Complete blood count (CBC) : This can indicate inflammation by detecting increased levels of white blood cells (leukocytosis) or an increase in acute phase proteins (e.g. C-reactive protein).
  • Biochemical profile : This checks the function of the kidneys and liver. Amyloidosis can lead to kidney damage, especially in advanced SPAID.
  • Urinalysis : A morning urine test can provide information about kidney function. Proteinuria (the presence of protein in the urine) may indicate early amyloidosis.
  • Blood test for amyloid A : This is a specific test done when amyloidosis is suspected. Amyloidosis is a common complication of SPAID.

4. Genetic testing

A genetic test for the mutated MTBP gene can help detect genetic predisposition to SPAID. However, this test alone is not enough to make a definitive diagnosis because not all dogs with this mutation become ill and dogs without the mutated gene can also develop SPAID symptoms. Nevertheless, genetic testing is a valuable tool to assess risk and support diagnosis.

5. Exclusion of other diseases (differential diagnosis)

An important part of diagnosing SPAID is other conditions with similar symptoms. This differential diagnosis is crucial because fever, joint pain and organ involvement can also occur in many other diseases.

Differential diagnosis: exclusion of other diseases

Differential diagnosis is particularly important when diagnosing SPAID because the symptoms are diverse and also occur in other diseases. The following diseases must be ruled out before a diagnosis of SPAID can be made:

1. Infectious diseases

Many bacterial, viral or parasitic infections can cause fever attacks and joint pain in dogs, making it difficult to distinguish them from SPAID. Common infectious diseases that need to be ruled out include:

  • Lyme disease (Lyme disease) : This bacterial infection caused by ticks can cause joint pain, fever, and lethargy. An antibody test and blood tests help rule out Lyme disease.
  • Anaplasmosis : Also a tick-borne disease that has similar symptoms to Lyme disease.
  • Leishmaniasis : Common in southern countries, leishmaniasis can also cause fever, joint pain and organ failure. Blood tests for antibodies to leishmaniasis are required.
  • Ehrlichiosis : This infection caused by Ehrlichia bacteria causes fever, anemia, and joint pain. A PCR test or antibody test is done to rule out this disease.

2. Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system attacks your own body, can cause symptoms similar to SPAID. This includes:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis : An autoimmune disease in which the joints are chronically inflamed. It can be diagnosed by specific blood markers (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies).
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) : This autoimmune disease affects multiple organs and can cause fever, joint pain, and kidney damage. An ANA (antinuclear antibody) test helps diagnose SLE.

3. Cancer and tumor diseases

Certain cancers, such as lymphoma or leukemia , can also cause fever and organ involvement. A bone marrow biopsy or imaging procedures such as ultrasound or X-rays can help rule out tumors.

4. Functional disorders of the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can manifest as lethargy, weight gain and skin problems. A blood test to measure thyroid hormone T4 can help rule out hypothyroidism.

5. Genetic diseases

Other genetic disorders that cause autoinflammatory reactions, such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) , need to be considered. FMF causes similar fever attacks and inflammatory processes as SPAID, but is rare in Shar Pei dogs.

Specific tests to confirm SPAID

Once the differential diagnosis is complete and other conditions have been ruled out, the diagnosis of SPAID focuses on specific tests and clinical findings:

  • Colchicine test : Since colchicine is often used to treat SPAID and FSF, a positive reaction to this medication may indicate SPAID.
  • Imaging tests : In some cases, ultrasound or X-rays may be used to detect signs of amyloidosis in the organs.

The importance of a thorough diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Diagnosis of SPAID requires careful consideration of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and genetic testing. The symptoms of SPAID are varied and can easily be confused with other serious illnesses. Therefore, a comprehensive differential diagnosis crucial to ensure that other possible causes are excluded. Only through an accurate diagnosis can the right treatment steps be initiated to improve the lives of dogs with SPAID and prevent complications.

graph TD; A[Symptoms] --> B[Fever attacks] B --> C[Blood test] B --> D[Urine test] C --> E[Genetic test] D --> E[Genetic test] E --> F[Diagnosis by SPAID]

Treatment Options for SPAID: A Comprehensive Guide

Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID) is a genetic inflammatory disease that occurs in Shar Pei dogs. Because SPAID involves a wide range of symptoms, including fever attacks, joint swelling and organ damage, treatment requires a holistic and long-term approach. Because there is no cure for SPAID, therapy aims to relieve symptoms, improve the dog's quality of life, and slow disease progression. In this guide we present the main treatment options used for SPAID.

1. Symptomatic treatment: Control of fever and inflammation

The main goal of symptomatic treatment for SPAID is to control the frequent episodes of fever and inflammation that are characteristic of the disease. Quick relief from these symptoms can help the dog feel better and minimize long-term damage to the organs.

a) Fever-reducing medications

Because fever attacks are one of the main symptoms of SPAID, fever-reducing medications are often used. These drugs help normalize body temperature and protect the dog from complications caused by long-lasting high fever.

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) : Medications such as meloxicam or carprofen are often used to reduce both fever and inflammation. These medications are effective but carry the risk of side effects, especially with long-term use.
  • Paracetamol : In some cases, paracetamol may be administered under close veterinary supervision to reduce fever. However, it is important to pay close attention to the dosage as acetaminophen can be toxic to dogs in doses that are too high.

b) Anti-inflammatory drugs

Controlling inflammation is crucial to limiting joint swelling and organ damage caused by SPAID.

  • Glucocorticoids (cortisone) : In severe cases, anti-inflammatory steroids such as prednisolone may be prescribed. These medications suppress the excessive immune response and relieve inflammation. However, long-term side effects can occur, such as weight gain, increased susceptibility to infections and weakening of the bones.
  • Colchicine : A key factor in treating SPAID is the use of colchicine. This medication is typically used to treat gout, but may also help regulate the excessive inflammatory response in dogs. Colchicine is particularly effective in preventing amyloidosis, a serious complication of SPAID in which amyloid proteins build up in organs and lead to organ failure.

2. Long-term prevention and management of complications

Because SPAID is a chronic disease, the focus of treatment is not only on controlling acute symptoms but also on preventing long-term complications , particularly amyloidosis , which can affect kidneys and other organs.

a) Colchicine to prevent amyloidosis

As previously mentioned, colchicine a key role in the treatment of SPAID, particularly in preventing the development of amyloidosis. This medication inhibits the production of amyloid A proteins, which are responsible for the disease. However, it should be noted that colchicine may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal distress in some dogs. Therefore, the dosage must be adjusted precisely and the dog monitored regularly.

b) Kidney and liver monitoring

Because amyloidosis can severely affect the kidneys, dogs with SPAID should have their kidney and liver function checked regularly. This can be done through blood and urine tests to detect early signs of organ failure. If damage is discovered early, the following measures can be taken:

  • Dietary changes : An adjusted diet with reduced protein content can relieve the strain on the kidneys. There are special foods designed for dogs with kidney problems.
  • ACE inhibitors : These medications (such as enalapril or benazepril) are often used to lower blood pressure and support kidney function.

3. Nutrition and nutritional supplements

A balanced, high-quality diet plays a central role in the long-term management of SPAID. Proper nutrition can reduce inflammation in the body and strengthen the dog's overall health.

a) High-quality proteins and healthy fats

Dogs with SPAID benefit from a diet that high-quality proteins and healthy fats. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce inflammatory responses.

  • Fish oil : A dietary supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids can be administered regularly to reduce the inflammatory processes and promote the overall health of the joints and organs.
  • Antioxidants : Antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C can help reduce the damage caused by inflammation in the body.

b) Special diets for kidney diseases

If there are already signs of kidney damage, the dog should be switched kidney-friendly diet These diets typically contain less protein and phosphorus to reduce stress on the kidneys and slow the progression of kidney disease.

4. Stress management and lifestyle

Since stress can cause symptoms to worsen in dogs with SPAID, it is important to provide stress-free environment maintain balanced lifestyle

a) Quiet environment

A stress-free environment is particularly important for dogs with SPAID. Stress can increase inflammatory processes in the body and trigger fever attacks. It is recommended that the dog's daily routine be as calm and predictable as possible.

b) Moderate exercise

Dogs with SPAID should be exercised regularly but in moderation to protect their joints while strengthening their muscles. Excessive exercise or strenuous activities can put strain on joints and worsen inflammation.

c) Pain management

For dogs with joint pain or arthritis related to SPAID, physical therapy treatment may be helpful. Heat treatments, gentle massages, and stretching exercises can relieve pain and improve mobility.

5. Veterinary supervision and long-term care

Working closely with the veterinarian is crucial to continually monitor the dog's health and adjust treatment if necessary. Regular check-ups every six months are important in order to detect possible complications at an early stage.

  • Blood tests to check kidney and liver function
  • Urine samples to monitor for proteinuria or other early signs of kidney damage
  • Adjust medication if the dog's health changes or new symptoms appear

A comprehensive treatment plan for dogs with SPAID

Treating SPAID requires a holistic approach that addresses both the acute symptoms and long-term complications. Medication , adjusted diet , stress-free living and regular veterinary monitoring are the cornerstones of successful management of the disease. Although there is no cure for SPAID, with proper care and support, dogs can enjoy a good quality of life and the serious consequences of the disease are minimized.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about SPAID

What is SPAID and how is it different from other autoimmune diseases?

SPAID, or Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease , is a genetic autoinflammatory disease that occurs specifically in the Shar Pei dog breed. Unlike autoimmune diseases in which the immune system mistakenly attacks its own body (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), SPAID is an autoinflammatory disease . This means that the immune system triggers inflammatory processes in the body without any external trigger or infection.
A key difference is the way the inflammation occurs: in autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies are often involved, while in autoinflammatory diseases such as SPAID, the inflammatory reactions are caused by innate immune cells and inflammatory proteins (cytokines). These overreactions lead to periodic fever attacks, joint inflammation and can cause long-term organ damage.
What is particularly noteworthy is that SPAID only occurs in Shar Pei dogs and is genetically anchored. The mutations that were originally promoted for the breed's characteristic wrinkles are also the cause of these inflammatory diseases. Other autoimmune diseases often occur in different dog breeds and at different stages of life, while SPAID is closely linked to the Shar Pei's genetics.

What are the symptoms of SPAID and how do I know if my Shar Pei is affected?

The symptoms of SPAID are diverse and can occur in different combinations and intensities. The most common signs include:
Recurrent bouts of fever : These can occur for no apparent reason and usually last between 24 and 36 hours. The dog's body temperature can rise up to 41.7°C during these episodes.
Swollen joints : The ankle joints (tarsal joints) in particular swell, which can lead to pain and limited mobility. This is a typical symptom of FSF, a specific manifestation of SPAID.
Swelling in the mouth area : Many dogs also show swelling in the lips, tongue or throat area, which is related to a general inflammatory reaction in the body.
Lethargy and refusal to move : Due to the pain and fever, affected dogs tend to move little and appear apathetic.
Vomiting and diarrhea : Gastrointestinal symptoms may also occur, especially during or after fever episodes.
It is important that these symptoms do not occur continuously, but often in spurts. A Shar Pei may appear relatively healthy between flare-ups, but the recurring symptoms are a strong sign of SPAID. It is advisable to have the dog regularly checked by a veterinarian and watch for signs such as excessive drinking and urination as these may be early signs of kidney damage caused by amyloidosis.

How is SPAID diagnosed and what tests are necessary?

The diagnosis of SPAID is based on a combination of clinical findings, exclusion of other diseases (differential diagnosis), and genetic testing. Because it is a genetic disease, there is no single specific test that definitively confirms the diagnosis. Instead, the veterinarian will combine several approaches:
Clinical history : The veterinarian will first examine the dog's medical history as well as the symptoms. Recurrent bouts of fever, swollen joints and other signs of inflammation are particularly important.
Blood tests : A complete blood count and biochemical profiles help identify inflammatory markers and check kidney and liver function. High levels of white blood cells or C-reactive protein (an inflammatory marker) are indications of inflammatory processes.
Urine test : A urine sample, especially morning urine, can indicate kidney problems that could be caused by amyloidosis.
Genetic testing : A genetic test can detect the mutation in the MTBP gene that is responsible for SPAID. Although this test is useful for identifying genetic predisposition, it does not guarantee that the dog actually has SPAID as symptoms can vary.
Differential diagnosis also plays an important role in excluding other diseases with similar symptoms, such as Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis or other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

What are the long-term consequences of SPAID and how can they be minimized?

One of the most serious long-term consequences of SPAID is amyloidosis . This is a condition in which amyloid proteins build up in the organs, especially the kidneys, impairing their function. In advanced stages, this often leads to kidney failure, which is the leading cause of death in Shar Pei dogs with SPAID.
Other long-term effects of SPAID include:
Chronic joint inflammation : This can lead to permanent limited mobility and pain. In the long term, arthritis can develop, which severely impairs the quality of life.
Liver problems : In rarer cases, amyloid protein deposits can occur in the liver, affecting liver function.
Frequent Infections : Because the immune system is constantly activated, it becomes overworked, making the dog more susceptible to infections.
To minimize these long-term consequences, early and consistent treatment crucial. This includes the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as colchicine, which reduce the risk of amyloid deposits. In addition, dogs with SPAID should be regularly examined by a veterinarian in order to detect kidney and liver problems at an early stage. A balanced diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids can also help reduce inflammation.

Is there a cure for SPAID and how can the disease be managed long-term?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for SPAID as it is a genetic disease. The focus of treatment is to control symptoms, improve the dog's quality of life, and prevent complications such as amyloidosis.
Long-term management of SPAID requires a multistep approach:
Drug treatment : Colchicine is one of the most important drugs to control the inflammatory responses and slow the progression of amyloidosis. Additionally, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and, in more severe cases, glucocorticoids (cortisone) may be used to relieve fever and inflammation.
Regular veterinary exams : Because the disease is progressive, dogs with SPAID should be checked regularly for kidney and liver function. Blood and urine tests are crucial for early detection of signs of amyloidosis or organ failure.
Diet : An anti-inflammatory diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can help ease symptoms. If there is already kidney damage, a special kidney diet is required.
Stress reduction : Because stress can cause symptoms to worsen, it is important to provide the dog with a calm environment and avoid excessive exertion.
By taking a holistic approach that combines medication, diet and lifestyle measures, dogs with SPAID can live relatively good lives, even if the disease cannot be cured.

Summary: Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID)

Shar Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID) is a genetically determined, chronic inflammatory disease that occurs exclusively in Shar Pei dogs. It results from a mutation in the MTBP gene, which was originally promoted through breeding to achieve the breed's distinctive appearance. This mutation causes the immune system to react excessively to harmless stimuli and trigger inflammatory processes in the body.

Main symptoms and complications

The disease presents with various symptoms, including recurrent fever , swollen joints and swelling in the mouth area. Dogs with SPAID often suffer from pain, loss of appetite, refusal to exercise and, in advanced stages, organ failure. One of the most serious complications is amyloidosis , in which amyloid proteins build up in the kidneys and other organs, which can lead to kidney failure in the long term.

Diagnosis of SPAID

The diagnosis of SPAID is based on clinical history, exclusionary diagnosis and genetic testing. There is no single test that will definitively diagnose SPAID, so the veterinarian will perform a combination of blood and urine tests, as well as genetic testing, to confirm the disease and rule out other causes. Differential diagnosis is particularly important to rule out infections or autoimmune diseases that can cause similar symptoms.

Treatment options

Because there is no cure for SPAID, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications . Main therapies include anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly colchicine , which is used to prevent amyloidosis. Additionally, antipyretic medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve fever and pain. A balanced diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids supports overall health and reduces inflammation. Regular veterinary exams are crucial to detect kidney and liver problems early and slow the progression of the disease.

Long-term management

The long-term management of SPAID includes holistic care , which, in addition to drug therapies, also includes stress-free living, moderate exercise and regular check-ups. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are crucial to improving the quality of life of affected dogs and reducing the risk of serious complications.

Although SPAID has no cure, dogs can enjoy a good quality of life with proper care and treatment. Dog owners should work closely with the veterinarian to ensure the best possible care and protect their dogs' long-term health.

Further information: https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/renal-amyloidosis-shar-peis-and-other-breeds

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