Common Yorkshire diseases – causes, symptoms and treatment

Introduction Yorkshire diseases

The Yorkshire Terrier is one of the most famous and popular small dog breeds in the world. Originally from England, this breed was bred in the 19th century to hunt rats in textile factories. Today the Yorkshire Terrier is primarily valued as an elegant companion dog. With a shoulder height of 15 to 23 cm and a weight of 2 to 3.5 kg, it is one of the so-called toy breeds. His silky, long coat and lively personality make him an eye-catching and charming pet. Despite his petite stature, he shows courageous and self-confident behavior.

However, this breed is prone to certain health problems due to its small size and genetics. In this article we offer you a comprehensive overview of the typical diseases of the Yorkshire Terrier as well as their causes, symptoms and treatment options.

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1. Hereditary Yorkshire diseases

1.1 Patellar luxation – displacement of the kneecap

Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic condition in Yorkshire Terriers. It occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position.

Symptoms:

• Limping or sudden lifting of a leg
• Pain when walking or climbing stairs
• Crunching noises in the knee joint

Treatment:

• Mild cases: Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory medications
• Severe cases: Surgical intervention to stabilize the knee

1.2 Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

Progressive retinal atrophy is a degenerative eye disease that can lead to blindness.

Symptoms:

• Night blindness
• Reduced vision at dusk
• Dilated pupils

Treatment:

• Unfortunately there is no known cure. However, early diagnosis can help slow the progression.
• Vitamin supplements and antioxidants can have a supportive effect.

2. Respiratory diseases

2.1 Tracheal collapse – collapse of the windpipe

Tracheal collapse is a serious problem in small dog breeds such as Yorkshire Terriers. The trachea becomes unstable and partially collapses.

Symptoms:

• Chronic cough (“goosebumps cough”)
• Shortness of breath, especially during stress or exertion
• Gag reflex

Treatment:

• Medications such as cough suppressants and bronchodilators
• Weight reduction to relieve pressure on the respiratory tract
• In severe cases, surgical stabilization may be necessary.

3. Tooth and gum disease

Yorkshire Terriers are prone to dental problems due to their small mouth size.

3.1 Periodontitis

This gum inflammation is often caused by plaque and tartar.

Symptoms:

• Bad breath
• Bleeding gums
• Loosening of teeth

Treatment:

• Regular professional teeth cleaning
• Daily dental care with special dog toothbrushes

4. Liver problems

4.1 Portosystemic shunt (PSS)

PSS is a malformation of the blood vessels that directs blood past the liver instead of filtering it through it.

Symptoms:

• Growth disorders
• Neurological abnormalities such as tremors or seizures
• Vomiting and diarrhea

Treatment:

• Dietary adjustments with low-protein feeds
• Medications to support liver function
• Surgical correction in severe cases

5. Skin and coat problems

5.1 Dermatitis and allergies

Yorkshire Terriers are prone to skin allergies, which can be triggered by environmental factors or food.

Symptoms:

• Itching and scratching
• Redness and swelling
• Hair loss

Treatment:

• Elimination diet to identify allergens
• Antihistamines or ointments containing cortisone
• Bathe regularly with hypoallergenic shampoos

6. Heart disease

6.1 Mitral valve disease

This disease affects the heart valves and causes blood to flow backwards in the heart.

Symptoms:

• Fatigue and reduced activity
• Cough, especially at night
• Shortness of breath

Treatment:

• Heart medications such as ACE inhibitors and diuretics
• Check-ups to monitor the progression of the disease

7. Tracheal collapse in Yorkshire Terriers – in detail

Introduction

Tracheal collapse is a common and serious condition that particularly affects small dog breeds such as the Yorkshire Terrier. This condition can significantly impact quality of life as it makes breathing difficult and can be life-threatening in severe cases. In this chapter we will go into detail about the frequency, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and treatment options for tracheal collapse in Yorkshire Terriers.

frequency

Tracheal collapse is relatively common in Yorkshire Terriers. Approximately 20-40% of small dog breeds, especially toy breeds, will show signs of this condition during their lifetime. Yorkshire Terriers are one of the most endangered breeds due to their anatomical features. The disease usually occurs in middle to older age, but can also be diagnosed in younger dogs. A genetic predisposition is suspected, which underlines the importance of regular check-ups.

Symptoms

Tracheal collapse presents with a variety of respiratory symptoms that may worsen as the disease progresses:

• Cough: A dry, “goosebump-like” cough is characteristic, which often occurs when pulling on the leash or when excited.
• Breathing noises: Whistling or rattling noises when inhaling may occur.
• Shortness of breath: The dog may have difficulty breathing, especially during physical exertion or heat.
• Gagging: Attempts are often made to cough up mucus, which leads to gagging.
• Cyanosis: In advanced stages, a bluish discoloration of the tongue or gums may occur, indicating a lack of oxygen.
• Weakness and restlessness: Dogs may lose energy and appear restless due to limited oxygen supply.

diagnosis

Diagnosis of tracheal collapse occurs in several steps to determine the severity and exact cause of the condition:

1. Clinical examination: The veterinarian listens for typical breathing sounds and carries out an initial assessment of the general condition.
2. X-rays: Images of the trachea in the neck and chest area provide information about possible narrowing or deformation.
3. Fluoroscopy (dynamic x-ray): This technique allows observation of the movement of the trachea during breathing.
4. Endoscopy: A camera is inserted into the windpipe to assess the degree of collapse and any inflammation or injury.
5. Blood tests: These are used to check general health and rule out other diseases.

Treatment

Treatment for tracheal collapse depends on the severity of the disease and the individual needs of the dog. It includes both conservative measures and surgical interventions:

1. Conservative therapy

• Medication:
  • Cough suppressant to reduce coughing
  • Bronchodilators to expand the airways
  • Anti-inflammatory steroids to reduce swelling
  • Sedatives to reduce stress
• Weight management: Being overweight exacerbates symptoms. A special diet helps control body weight.
• Environmental Control: Avoidance of smoke, dust and chemical irritants in the environment.
• Harness instead of a collar: Using a chest harness prevents pressure on the windpipe.

2. Surgical procedures

In severe cases that do not respond to medication, surgical measures may be necessary:

• Stenting: A metal or plastic stent is inserted into the windpipe to keep it open.
• Prosthetic rings: Plastic rings are placed around the collapsed trachea to stabilize its structure.

These procedures are usually successful, but require extensive follow-up care and regular veterinary checks.

forecast

The prognosis for dogs with tracheal collapse depends largely on the severity of the disease and the treatment approach. Many Yorkshire Terriers respond well to conservative treatment and can lead normal lives with appropriate measures. In advanced cases, surgery may be required, which usually significantly improves quality of life.

Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are crucial for long-term success. Owners should watch for signs of the disease and have their Yorkshire Terrier checked regularly by a veterinarian.

8. FAQ – Frequently asked questions

9. Summary Yorkshire diseases

Yorkshire diseases are diverse and require focused attention from dog owners. This breed is particularly susceptible to orthopedic conditions such as patellar luxation, in which the kneecap slips out of position. Eye problems such as progressive retinal atrophy are also common Yorkshire diseases that can lead to blindness. Respiratory diseases, particularly tracheal collapse, are also common and make breathing difficult for dogs. In addition, dental problems such as periodontitis are typical Yorkshire diseases, as their small jaws often lead to overcrowding and tartar build-up.

The liver disease portosystemic shunt is also a known Yorkshire disease and leads to faulty blood filtering. Skin and coat problems such as dermatitis and allergies are other Yorkshire diseases that can be triggered by environmental factors or feed. Heart diseases such as mitral valve disease affect the heart valves and cause blood to flow backwards in the heart. This variety of Yorkshire diseases highlights the need for regular veterinary examinations.

Yorkshire diseases require not only medical treatments but also preventative measures. A healthy diet, targeted dental care and long coat care help prevent Yorkshire diseases. Sufficient exercise and mental activity also play an important role in promoting health.

Caring for a Yorkshire Terrier is demanding but rewarding. Many Yorkshire diseases can be well controlled with timely diagnosis and treatment. Owners should inform themselves about the most common Yorkshire diseases and take appropriate preventive measures. With a caring and informed approach, Yorkshire diseases can be identified early and treated effectively.

Ultimately, the Yorkshire Terrier remains a wonderful companion despite its susceptibility to certain diseases. Through regular check-ups, special care and a balanced diet, the most common Yorkshire diseases can be avoided or at least treated early. This means that Yorkshire Terriers can lead a happy and healthy life.