Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is one of the most common chronic conditions in older dogs. It is characterized by the progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, inflammation of the synovial membrane, remodeling processes in the subchondral bone, and the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs). These structural changes lead to joint stiffness, pain, and ultimately, restricted movement.