Herniated disc in dogs - everything you should know

Introduction to a herniated disc in dogs

Herniated disc in dogs is a serious condition that can affect all breeds, but has an increased prevalence in certain smaller breeds. In this article, you'll learn everything you need to know about this condition, from symptoms to diagnosis to various treatment options.

What is a herniated disc in dogs?

A herniated disc in a dog is a serious and unfortunately relatively common condition that can affect animals of all breeds and ages. This involves the intervertebral discs, which are located between the vertebrae of the spine and normally serve as shock absorbers.

What is an intervertebral disc?

The intervertebral discs consist of a gelatinous core surrounded by a stronger ring. They allow the spine to move and help absorb shock.

What happens if a dog has a herniated disc?

In a herniated disc (also called disc prolapse or intervertebral disc prolapse), material from the gelatinous core passes through a tear in the outer ring. This can put pressure on the surrounding nerve structures or spinal cord, causing severe pain, neurological deficits and, in severe cases, even paralysis.

Causes of a herniated disc in dogs

There are several factors that can contribute to a herniated disc:

• Disc degeneration: Over time, the discs can lose elasticity and become more susceptible to injury.
• Breed: Some breeds are genetically more susceptible to disc problems, including Dachshunds, Beagles, French Bulldogs and many others.
• Age: Older dogs are more vulnerable due to natural wear and tear.
• Trauma: An accident or fall can also cause a herniated disc.

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Symptoms of a herniated disc in dogs

Symptoms of a herniated disc can vary and depend on the severity and location of the herniation. The most common symptoms include:

• Pain in the back or neck
• Stiffness or clumsiness when walking
• Symptoms of paralysis or weakness in the legs
• Uncontrolled shaking or twitching of muscles

Grade 1: Mild symptoms Herniated disc in dogs

• Pain: The dog shows mild pain reactions, especially when the back or neck is touched.
• Discomfort: The dog appears restless and cannot find a comfortable position to lie or sit.
• Stiffness: Movements may seem somewhat stiff, especially after standing up.

Grade 2: Moderate symptoms Herniated disc in dogs

• Significant pain: The dog reacts strongly to touch on the back or neck and can show pain even without external stimulus.
• Movement restrictions: The dog moves less and avoids certain positions or movements.
• Mild symptoms of paralysis: The dog may show slight weakness in the legs or unsteadiness when walking.

Grade 3: Severe symptoms of a herniated disc in dogs

• Severe Pain: The dog is obviously in severe pain, may whine or growl, and may not want to be touched.
• Clear signs of paralysis: There are clear signs of weakness or paralysis in one or more legs. The dog may have difficulty standing or walking.
• Altered reflexes: Veterinary examinations may show altered or absent reflexes in the affected limbs.

Grade 4: Very severe symptoms of a herniated disc in dogs

• Extreme Pain: The dog is in extreme pain, may whine or growl constantly, and may be aggressive when you try to touch him.
• Complete paralysis: The dog is unable to move or is extremely unsteady on its legs.
• Incontinence: The dog may have lost control of his bladder and bowels.

Grade 5: Critical symptoms herniated disc in dogs

• State of Shock: The dog is in critical condition, possibly with symptoms of shock such as rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing and loss of consciousness.
• Complete immobility: The dog can no longer move at all and may show no reaction to external stimuli.
• Danger to life: There is a danger to life without immediate veterinary help.

It is critical that a dog showing signs of a herniated disc be taken to a veterinarian immediately for an accurate diagnosis and necessary treatment. The sooner the dog is treated, the better the chances of a full recovery.

Which dog breeds are particularly affected - Dachshund paralysis

A herniated disc is more common in certain breeds of dogs due to their genetic makeup and physical structure. One of the best-known diseases in this context is the so-called “dachshund paralysis”, which occurs particularly in dachshunds. But other breeds are also affected. Here is an overview:

1. Dachshund:

The Dachshund is probably the most well-known breed when it comes to herniated discs. Their long spine and short legs make them particularly vulnerable to this type of injury. “Dachshund paralysis” refers specifically to a herniated disc in this breed.

2. Beagle:

Beagles are also susceptible to herniated discs due to their body structure.

3. French Bulldog:

French Bulldogs have a compact body structure and are also prone to intervertebral disc problems.

4. Pekingese:

This small breed also has a longer spine compared to its size, which increases the risk of herniated discs.

5. Cocker Spaniel:

Cocker Spaniels can also be prone to intervertebral disc disease due to their size and body structure.

6. Dachshund:

Teckels, also known as miniature dachshunds, are also at risk because they have the same long back structure as the standard dachshund.

7. Shih Tzu:

This small breed also has an increased risk of intervertebral disc problems.

How is a herniated disc in dogs diagnosed by the vet?

Diagnosing a herniated disc in a dog requires a thorough examination and often the use of various diagnostic methods. Here's a comprehensive overview of how veterinarians typically operate:

1. History of a herniated disc in dogs:

First, the veterinarian will ask the dog's owner about the dog's history and symptoms. He is interested in information such as when the symptoms appeared, whether the dog is in pain, whether there is paralysis or weakness in the legs and whether there have been previous episodes or injuries.

2. Clinical examination of a herniated disc in dogs:

The veterinarian will thoroughly examine the dog, especially the spine and limbs. He will look for signs of pain, weakness, abnormal reflexes and sensitivity. The muscles will also be checked to see if there are any areas that are atrophying due to nerve damage.

3. Neurological examination of a herniated disc in dogs:

A neurological exam will help the veterinarian determine which part of the spine is affected and how severe the damage is. This includes checking reflexes, pain sensitivity and coordination.

4. Imaging procedures for a herniated disc in dogs:

Imaging techniques can be used to get a closer look at the spine and intervertebral discs. The most common include:

• X-ray: An X-ray can help assess the structure of the spine and detect changes such as narrowing of the disc space or calcium deposits in the discs.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI is particularly helpful for imaging soft tissue and directly visualizing a herniated disc. It gives detailed images of the intervertebral discs, spinal cord and surrounding structures.
• CT (computed tomography): CT can also be used to display the spine and provides precise cross-sectional images.

5. Myelography herniated disc in dogs:

During a myelography, a contrast agent is injected into the spinal canal to show the space around the spinal cord on X-ray images. This can help identify a herniated disc when other methods do not produce clear results.

6. Laboratory tests for herniated discs in dogs:

In some cases, the vet may also order blood tests to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms.

Diagnosing a herniated disc in dogs is a comprehensive process that requires a combination of history, clinical examination, neurological evaluation, and imaging techniques. Accurately determining the location and severity of the injury is critical to planning effective treatment and the dog's prognosis. The veterinarian will use all of this information to determine the best course of action for each individual case.

Conservative treatment without surgery for a herniated disc in dogs

Conservative treatment of a herniated disc in dogs is an option that is considered when symptoms are mild, there are no severe neurological deficits, or surgery is not possible for various reasons. Here is a comprehensive explanation:

When is conservative treatment possible?

1. Mild to moderate symptoms: When the dog is in pain but is still able to walk and shows no signs of paralysis.
2. No neurological deficits: The function of the nervous system is largely intact.
3. First incident: This is the first herniated disc without previous episodes.

When is conservative treatment not possible?

1. Severe neurological deficits: If the dog shows signs of paralysis or is no longer able to move its hind legs, immediate surgery is often necessary.
2. Chronic problems: For dogs with repeated herniated discs or chronic back problems, surgery is often the better choice.
3. No improvement with conservative treatment: If there is no improvement after a few weeks of conservative treatment, surgery should be considered.

Elements of conservative treatment:

1. Immobilization: The dog should move as little as possible to relieve the strain on the spine and promote the healing process. This may include a cage or crate for the dog to stay in.
2. Pain management: The vet may prescribe pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
3. Muscle relaxants: These medications can help relax the muscles, thereby reducing pressure on the spine.
4. Physiotherapy: After acute symptoms have subsided, physiotherapy can help strengthen muscles and promote mobility.
5. Weight management: Overweight dogs should lose weight to reduce pressure on the spine.
6. Supplements: Some supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, can help promote joint health.

Conservative treatment of a herniated disc in dogs is a valid option in certain circumstances, particularly when symptoms are mild and there are no severe neurological deficits. However, it requires patience and strict adherence to the veterinarian's instructions to be successful. be made in close consultation with the veterinarian

Surgical treatment options for herniated discs in dogs

The type of surgical intervention depends on the degree and type of disc herniation as well as the location of the affected disc.

1. Hansen type I herniated disc:

This type occurs when the gelatinous nucleus of the disc suddenly leaks into the spinal canal and compresses the spinal cord. It is the most common form of disc herniation in dogs.

Surgical options:

• Fenestration: This procedure involves removing a small piece of disc material to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. This may relieve symptoms, but does not prevent future damage to other discs.
• Hemilaminectomy or Laminectomy: This involves removing part of the spine to access the spinal cord and remove the compressed material. This is an effective method of relieving pressure and is often used in severe cases or in dogs with neurological deficits.

2. Hansen type II herniated disc:

Here the disc slowly degenerates and the disc material gradually shifts, leading to chronic compression of the spinal cord. This form is more common in older dogs and larger breeds.

Surgical options:

• Dorsal Laminectomy: This procedure aims to relieve pressure on the spinal cord by removing part of the spine and disc material.
• Spinal fusion: In some cases, it may be necessary to stabilize the affected vertebrae by fusing them together.

3rd degree of disc herniation:

The degree of disc herniation also plays an important role in the choice of surgical treatment.

• Grade 1-2: For mild to moderate pain and no neurological deficits, conservative treatment may be preferred. However, surgical intervention is an option if pain does not respond to conservative treatment.
• Grade 3-4: This is where neurological deficits occur and surgical intervention is often preferred to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and improve function.
• Grade 5: This is the most severe grade with complete paralysis and loss of pain sensation. Immediate surgical intervention is usually necessary to have any chance of recovery.

The choice of surgical treatment depends on many factors, including the type and grade of the herniated disc and the health and age of the dog. Working closely with the veterinarian and a specialized animal surgeon is crucial to making the best decision for the dog's health. Surgical procedures often offer a good chance of recovery, especially if they are performed in a timely manner.

Physiotherapeutic measures to support herniated discs in dogs

Physical therapy is a wonderful way to promote recovery, reduce pain, and improve mobility.

1. Passive exercise therapy:

• Joint mobilization: Gently moving the joints can improve mobility and reduce joint stiffness.
• Stretching: Stretching muscles helps increase flexibility and relieve tension.

2. Active exercise therapy:

• Guided exercises: Under the guidance of a physiotherapist, special exercises are carried out to strengthen the muscles and improve coordination.
• Gait training: This encourages the dog to walk properly in order to build muscle and promote mobility.

3. Water therapy:

• Underwater treadmill: Walking on an underwater treadmill allows the dog to build his muscles without putting too much strain on his joints.
• Swimming: Swimming is an excellent way to strengthen your muscles without putting any strain on your spine.

4. Electrotherapy:

• TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): The use of electrical currents can relieve pain and improve muscle function.
• Muscle stimulation: Electrical impulses help activate and strengthen muscles.

5. Thermotherapy:

• Heat applications: Heat can improve blood circulation and relieve muscle tension.
• Cold Therapy: Cold helps reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

6. Massage:

• Muscle massage: Gently massaging the muscles can relieve tension and promote blood circulation.

7. Acupuncture:

• Acupuncture: Placing fine needles at specific points can help relieve pain and promote well-being.

8. Laser Therapy:

• Low-dose laser therapy: Using laser light can reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Physiotherapy offers a variety of options to support healing after a herniated disc in dogs. It is important that the measures are individually tailored to the dog and carried out by an experienced animal physiotherapist. Regular use of physiotherapeutic measures can make a significant contribution to improving the dog's quality of life and help him get back on his paws more quickly.

Prognosis and recovery time for a herniated disc in dogs

It is important to emphasize that the prognosis and duration of recovery depend greatly on the severity of the incident, the dog's health status and timely and appropriate treatment.

1. forecast:

Mild to moderate cases:

• In the case of a mild to moderate herniated disc, especially if treated early, the prognosis is often good.
• Many dogs make a full or near full recovery with proper treatment and physical therapy.
• Early detection and treatment play a crucial role in a positive outcome.

Severe cases:

• In the case of a severe herniated disc or if the dog is already showing signs of paralysis, the prognosis may be more cautious.
• Even in these cases, dogs can recover, but recovery is often more lengthy and sometimes some degree of impairment remains.
• In very severe cases, if the dog does not regain function in the legs, long-term care or aids such as trolleys may be necessary.

2. Recovery time:

Mild to moderate cases:

• Recovery time can range from a few weeks to several months.
• With consistent physical therapy and proper care, many dogs show progress within weeks.

Severe cases:

• For severe cases, recovery time can last from several months to a year or longer.
• Intensive physiotherapy and regular veterinary checks are essential.

3. Factors affecting recovery:

• Age and general health : Younger and otherwise healthy dogs often have a better chance of recovery.
• Severity of disc herniation : The more severe the herniation, the longer the recovery time.
• Time to start treatment : Early diagnosis and treatment can be crucial.

4. Long-term care:

• Even after recovery, some dogs continue to require physical therapy or special care.
• Good care and regular veterinary checks help to ensure the dog's quality of life and detect possible relapses at an early stage.

5. life quality:

• The dog's quality of life is always the priority. With the right care and support, dogs with permanent disabilities can lead happy and fulfilling lives.

The prognosis and recovery time after a herniated disc in dogs varies greatly from person to person and depends on many factors. However, with the right medical care, physical therapy, and a lot of love and patience from owners, many dogs can achieve a good quality of life and find joy in exercise again.

Summary of a herniated disc in dogs

A herniated disc in dogs is a serious and unfortunately not uncommon disease that can affect dogs of all breeds and ages. A herniated disc in dogs occurs when one of the discs that serve as a buffer between the vertebrae becomes damaged or herniates, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. A herniated disc in a dog can cause pain, weakness and, in the worst case, paralysis. There are different types and severities of canine disc herniation, and symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to severe neurological deficits.

The diagnosis of a herniated disc in dogs is usually made through a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI, and sometimes myelography. Treatment for a herniated disc in dogs depends on the severity and location of the prolapse. In mild cases, a herniated disc in dogs can be treated conservatively with painkillers, anti-inflammatories and strict rest.

In more severe cases, or when a herniated disc causes paralysis in the dog, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and allow for the best possible recovery. After a herniated disc in a dog, physical therapy plays a crucial role in improving mobility, strengthening muscles and supporting the healing process. Many dogs can recover from a herniated disc, although the healing process can be lengthy.

The prognosis following a herniated disc in dogs depends on several factors, including the severity of the prolapse, the age and general health of the dog, and the speed with which treatment is initiated. Overall, a herniated disc in dogs is a complex disease that requires comprehensive care and often long-term treatment in order to ensure the affected dog's quality of life and enable him to live a pain-free, happy life.