Slipped disc in dogs - everything you need to know

Introduction Herniated disc in dogs

Canine disc herniation is a serious condition that can affect all breeds, but has an increased prevalence in certain smaller breeds. In this article, you'll learn everything you need to know about this condition, from the symptoms and diagnosis to the various treatment options.

What is a slipped disc in dogs?

A slipped disc in a dog is a serious and unfortunately relatively common condition that can affect animals of all breeds and ages. It affects the intervertebral discs, which are located between the vertebrae of the spine and normally act as shock absorbers.

What is an intervertebral disc?

The intervertebral discs consist of a gelatinous core surrounded by a firmer ring. They allow the spine to move and help to absorb shocks.

What happens if a dog has a slipped disc?

In the case of a slipped disc (also known as a prolapsed disc or intervertebral disc prolapse), material from the gelatinous nucleus leaks through a tear in the outer ring. This can lead to pressure on the surrounding nerve structures or the spinal cord and cause severe pain, neurological deficits and, in severe cases, even paralysis.

Causes of herniated discs in dogs

There are various factors that can contribute to a slipped disc:

• Degeneration of the intervertebral disc: Over time, the intervertebral discs can lose elasticity and become more susceptible to injury.
• Race: Some breeds are genetically more susceptible to disc problems, including Dachshunds, Beagles, French Bulldogs and many others.
• Age: Older dogs are more susceptible due to natural wear and tear.
• Trauma: An accident or fall can also trigger a slipped disc.

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Symptoms of a slipped disc in dogs

The symptoms of a herniated disc can vary and depend on the severity and location of the herniation. The most common symptoms include

• Pain in the back or neck
• Stiffness or awkwardness when walking
• Symptoms of paralysis or weakness in the legs
• Uncontrolled trembling or twitching of the muscles

Grade 1: Mild symptoms of a slipped disc in dogs

• Pain: The dog shows slight pain reactions, especially when the back or neck is touched.
• Discomfort: The dog seems restless and cannot find a comfortable position for lying or sitting.
• Stiffness: Movements may appear somewhat stiff, especially after standing up.

Grade 2: Moderate symptoms of disc herniation in dogs

• Significant pain: The dog reacts strongly to touch on the back or neck and can show pain even without any external stimulus.
• Movement restrictions: The dog moves less and avoids certain positions or movements.
• Slight signs of paralysis: The dog may show slight weakness in the legs or unsteadiness when walking.

Grade 3: Severe symptoms of a slipped disc in dogs

• Severe pain: The dog is obviously in severe pain, may howl or growl, and may not want to be touched.
• Clear signs of paralysis: There are clear signs of weakness or paralysis in one or more legs. The dog may have difficulty standing or walking.
• Altered reflexes: Veterinary examinations may reveal altered or absent reflexes in the affected limbs.

Grade 4: Very severe symptoms Herniated disc in dogs

• Extreme pain: The dog is in extreme pain, may howl or growl constantly and may be aggressive if you try to touch it.
• Complete paralysis: The dog is unable to move or is extremely wobbly on its feet.
• Incontinence: The dog may have lost bladder and bowel control.

Grade 5: Critical symptoms of a slipped disc in dogs

• State of shock: The dog is in a critical condition, possibly with symptoms of shock such as rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing and loss of consciousness.
• Complete immobility: The dog can no longer move at all and may show no reaction to external stimuli.
• Danger to life: Without immediate veterinary help, there is a danger to life.

It is crucial that a dog with signs of a herniated disc is seen by a vet immediately to get an accurate diagnosis and the necessary treatment. The sooner the dog is treated, the better the chances of a full recovery.

Which dog breeds are particularly affected - Stw. Dachshund paralysis

A slipped disc is more common in certain dog breeds due to their genetic predisposition and physical structure. One of the best-known diseases in this context is the so-called „dachshund paralysis“, which occurs particularly in dachshunds. However, other breeds are also affected. Here is an overview:

1st dachshund:

Dachshunds are probably the best-known breed when it comes to herniated discs. Due to their long spine and short legs, they are particularly prone to this type of injury. Dachshund paralysis„ refers specifically to a herniated disc in this breed.

2. beagle:

Beagles are also susceptible to slipped discs due to their body structure.

3rd French Bulldog:

French Bulldogs have a compact body structure and are also prone to problems with the intervertebral discs.

4th Pekingese:

This small breed also has a longer spine compared to its size, which increases the risk of herniated discs.

5th Cocker Spaniel:

Cocker Spaniels can also be susceptible to intervertebral disc disease due to their size and body structure.

6. dachshunds:

Dachshunds, also known as dwarf dachshunds, are also at risk as they have the same long back structure as standard dachshunds.

7th Shih Tzu:

This small breed also has an increased risk of intervertebral disc problems.

How is a herniated disc in dogs diagnosed by a vet?

Diagnosing a herniated disc in a dog requires a thorough examination and often the use of various diagnostic methods. Here is a comprehensive overview of how veterinarians typically proceed:

1. history of herniated disc in the dog:

Firstly, the vet will ask the dog's owner about the history and symptoms. He will be interested in information such as the time of onset of symptoms, whether the dog is in pain, whether there is paralysis or weakness in the legs and whether there have been any previous episodes or injuries.

2. clinical examination of herniated discs in dogs:

The vet will examine the dog thoroughly, especially the spine and limbs. He will look for signs of pain, weakness, abnormal reflexes and sensitivity. The musculature will also be checked to see if there are any areas that are atrophying due to nerve damage.

3. neurological examination of herniated discs in dogs:

A neurological examination helps the vet to determine which part of the spine is affected and how severe the damage is. This includes checking reflexes, sensitivity to pain and coordination.

4. imaging procedures Herniated disc in dogs:

Imaging techniques can be used to obtain a more precise view of the spine and the intervertebral discs. The most common include

• X-ray: An X-ray can help to assess the structure of the spine and detect changes such as a narrowing of the disc space or calcium deposits in the intervertebral discs.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): MRI is particularly useful for imaging soft tissue and directly visualising a herniated disc. It provides detailed images of the intervertebral discs, the spinal cord and the surrounding structures.
• CT (computer tomography): CT can also be used to visualise the spine and provides precise cross-sectional images.

5. myelography disc herniation in dogs:

In a myelography, a contrast agent is injected into the spinal canal to visualise the space around the spinal cord on X-ray images. This can help to identify a herniated disc if other methods do not provide clear results.

6. laboratory tests for herniated discs in dogs:

In some cases, the vet may also order blood tests to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

Diagnosis of a canine disc herniation is a comprehensive process that requires a combination of history, clinical examination, neurological evaluation and imaging techniques. Accurately determining the location and severity of the injury is critical to planning effective treatment and for the dog's prognosis. The veterinarian will use all of this information to determine the best course of action for the individual case.

Conservative treatment without surgery Herniated discs in dogs

Conservative treatment of a herniated disc in dogs is an option that is considered when the symptoms are mild, there are no severe neurological deficits or surgery is not possible for various reasons. Here is a comprehensive explanation:

When is conservative treatment possible?

1. Mild to moderate symptoms: If the dog is in pain but is still able to walk and shows no signs of paralysis.
2. No neurological deficits: The function of the nervous system is largely intact.
3. First incident: This is the first herniated disc without previous episodes.

When is conservative treatment not possible?

1. Severe neurological deficits: If the dog shows signs of paralysis or is no longer able to move its hind legs, immediate surgery is often unavoidable.
2. Chronic problems: Surgery is often the better choice for dogs with repeated slipped discs or chronic back problems.
3. No improvement with conservative treatment: If there is no improvement after a few weeks of conservative treatment, surgery should be considered.

Elements of conservative treatment:

1. Immobilisation: The dog should move as little as possible to relieve pressure on the spine and promote the healing process. This can include a cage or box in which the dog stays.
2. Pain management: The Veterinarian may prescribe painkillers and anti-inflammatory medication to relieve the pain and reduce inflammation.
3. Muscle relaxants: These medications can help to relax the muscles and thus reduce the pressure on the spine.
4. Physiotherapy: Once the acute symptoms have subsided, physiotherapy can help to strengthen the muscles and promote mobility.
5. Weight management: Overweight dogs should lose weight to reduce the pressure on the spine.
6. Additions: Some supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, can help to promote joint health.

Conservative treatment of a herniated disc in dogs is a valid option in certain circumstances, especially if the symptoms are mild and there are no severe neurological deficits. However, it requires patience and strict adherence to the veterinarian's instructions in order to be successful. In any case, the decision for or against conservative treatment should be made in close consultation with the veterinarian. Veterinarian are taken to ensure that the dog receives the best possible care.

Surgical treatment options for herniated discs in dogs

The type of surgical intervention depends on the degree and type of disc herniation and the localisation of the affected disc.

1st Hansen type I disc herniation:

This type occurs when the gelatinous nucleus of the intervertebral disc suddenly protrudes into the spinal canal and compresses the spinal cord. It is the most common form of disc herniation in dogs.

Surgical options:

• Fenestration: During this procedure, a small piece of the disc material is removed to reduce the pressure on the spinal cord. This can alleviate the symptoms, but does not prevent future disc problems.
• Hemilaminectomy or laminectomy: This involves removing part of the spine to gain access to the spinal cord and remove the compressed material. This is an effective method of relieving pressure and is often used in severe cases or in dogs with neurological deficits.

2nd Hansen type II disc herniation:

In this case, the intervertebral disc slowly degenerates and the disc material gradually shifts, leading to chronic compression of the spinal cord. This form is more common in older dogs and larger breeds.

Surgical options:

• Dorsal laminectomy: This procedure aims to reduce the pressure on the spinal cord by removing part of the spinal column and the disc material.
• Fusion of the spine: In some cases, it may be necessary to stabilise the affected vertebrae by fusing them together.

3rd degree of disc herniation:

The degree of disc herniation also plays an important role in the choice of surgical treatment.

• Grade 1-2: Conservative treatment may be preferred for mild to moderate pain and without neurological deficits. However, surgical intervention is an option if the pain does not respond to conservative treatment.
• Grade 3-4: Neurological deficits occur and surgical intervention is often favoured to reduce pressure on the spinal cord and improve function.
• Grade 5: This is the most severe degree with complete paralysis and loss of pain sensation. Immediate surgical intervention is usually necessary in order to have a chance of recovery.

The choice of surgical treatment depends on many factors, including the type and degree of disc herniation and the health and age of the dog. Working closely with the vet and a specialised veterinary surgeon is crucial to make the best decision for the dog's health. Surgical procedures often offer a good chance of recovery, especially if performed in a timely manner.

Physiotherapeutic measures to support dogs with slipped discs

Physiotherapy is a wonderful way to promote recovery, relieve pain and improve mobility.

1. passive movement therapy:

• Joint mobilisation: By gently moving the joints, mobility can be improved and joint stiffness reduced.
• Stretching: Stretching the muscles helps to increase flexibility and relieve tension.

2. active movement therapy:

• Guided exercises: Under the guidance of a physiotherapist, special exercises are carried out to strengthen the muscles and improve coordination.
• Gait training: The dog is encouraged to walk properly in order to build up its muscles and promote mobility.

3. water therapy:

• Underwater treadmill: Walking on an underwater treadmill allows dogs to build up their muscles without putting too much strain on their joints.
• Swimming: Swimming is an excellent way to strengthen your muscles without putting strain on your spine.

4. electrotherapy:

• TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation): The application of electrical currents can alleviate pain and improve muscle function.
• Muscle stimulation: Electrical impulses help to activate and strengthen the muscles.

5. thermotherapy:

• Heat applications: Heat can improve blood circulation and relieve muscle tension.
• Cold therapy: Cold helps to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

6. massage:

• Muscle massage: By gently massaging the muscles, tension can be released and blood circulation stimulated.

7. acupuncture:

• Acupuncture: By inserting fine needles at specific points, pain relief can be supported and well-being promoted.

8. laser therapy:

• Low-dose laser therapy: The use of laser light can reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Physiotherapy offers a variety of options to support healing after a slipped disc in dogs. It is important that the measures are individually tailored to the dog and carried out by an experienced veterinary physiotherapist. The regular use of physiotherapy can make a significant contribution to improving the dog's quality of life and help it to get back on its paws more quickly.

Prognosis and recovery time for herniated discs in dogs

It is important to emphasise that the prognosis and length of recovery depend greatly on the severity of the incident, the health of the dog and timely and appropriate treatment.

1. Forecast:

Mild to moderate cases:

• In the case of a mild to moderate slipped disc, especially if treated early, the prognosis is often good.
• Many dogs make a full or almost full recovery with the right treatment and physiotherapy.
• Early detection and treatment play a decisive role in a positive outcome.

Severe cases:

• In the case of a severe slipped disc or if the dog is already showing signs of paralysis, the prognosis may be more cautious.
• Dogs can also recover in these cases, but the recovery is often more protracted and sometimes a certain degree of impairment remains.
• In very severe cases, if the dog does not regain function in the legs, long-term care measures or aids such as trolleys may be necessary.

2. Recovery time:

Mild to moderate cases:

• The recovery period can last from a few weeks to several months.
• With consistent physiotherapy and proper care, many dogs show progress within weeks.

Severe cases:

• In severe cases, the recovery time can take several months to a year or longer.
• Intensive physiotherapy and regular veterinary check-ups are essential.

3. Factors that influence recovery:

• Age and general state of healthYounger and otherwise healthy dogs often have a better chance of recovery.
• Severity of the herniated discThe more serious the incident, the longer the recovery time.
• Time until the start of treatmentEarly diagnosis and treatment can be crucial.

4. Long-term support:

• Even after recovery, some dogs continue to require physiotherapy or special care measures.
• Good care and regular veterinary check-ups help to ensure the dog's quality of life and recognise possible relapses at an early stage.

5. Quality of life:

• The dog's quality of life always takes centre stage. With the right care and support, even dogs with permanent impairments can lead a happy and fulfilling life.

The prognosis and recovery time after a slipped disc in dogs varies greatly from person to person and depends on many factors. However, with the right medical care, physiotherapy and a lot of love and patience on the part of the owner, many dogs can achieve a good quality of life and enjoy exercise again.

Summary of herniated discs in dogs

Canine disc herniation is a serious and unfortunately not uncommon condition that can affect dogs of all breeds and ages. A herniated disc in dogs occurs when one of the discs that act as a buffer between the vertebrae becomes damaged or prolapses, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. A herniated disc in dogs can lead to pain, weakness and, in the worst cases, paralysis. There are different types and degrees of severity of disc herniation in dogs, and symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to severe neurological deficits.

The diagnosis of a herniated disc in dogs is usually made by a combination of clinical examination, imaging techniques such as X-ray or MRI, and sometimes myelography. The treatment of a herniated disc in dogs depends on the severity and localisation of the herniation. In mild cases, a herniated disc in dogs can be treated conservatively with painkillers, anti-inflammatories and strict rest.

In more severe cases or when a herniated disc in dogs leads to paralysis, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and allow for the best possible recovery. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in improving mobility, strengthening muscles and supporting the healing process after a herniated disc in dogs. Many dogs can recover from a herniated disc, although the healing process can be lengthy.

The prognosis following a canine disc herniation depends on a number of factors, including the severity of the herniation, the age and general health of the dog, and the speed with which treatment is initiated. Overall, canine disc herniation is a complex condition that requires comprehensive care and often long-term treatment to ensure the affected dog's quality of life and a pain-free, happy life.